Radiation Therapy

About Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells by damaging their DNA. It can be delivered externally (from a machine) or internally (through implants). Often combined with surgery or chemotherapy, it is commonly used for breast, lung, prostate, and head & neck cancers. Side effects may include skin irritation, fatigue, and localized pain, depending on the treatment area.

Types of Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is used to target and destroy cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissues. The type of radiation therapy used depends on the cancer type, location, and stage.

External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) – Delivers radiation from a machine outside the body to precisely target tumors.
Internal Radiation Therapy (Brachytherapy) – Places radioactive material directly inside or near the tumor for localized treatment.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) – High-dose radiation given in fewer sessions with extreme precision.
Proton Therapy – Uses protons instead of X-rays to reduce damage to surrounding healthy tissues.
Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) – Radiation is applied directly to the tumor area during surgery.

How is Radiation Therapy Given?

Radiation therapy is administered in different ways depending on the type, location, and stage of cancer. The primary methods include :

External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) – A machine directs high-energy rays at the tumor from outside the body. This is the most common form and is given over multiple sessions.
Internal Radiation Therapy (Brachytherapy) – Radioactive material is placed inside or near the tumor, delivering radiation directly to cancer cells while minimizing exposure to healthy tissues.
Systemic Radiation Therapy – A radioactive substance (like radioactive iodine) is taken orally or injected into the bloodstream, traveling throughout the body to target cancer cells.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) – A highly precise, high-dose radiation technique used for small tumors or areas difficult to reach.
Intraoperative Radiation Therapy (IORT) – Radiation is applied directly to the tumor site during surgery to kill remaining cancer cells.

Common Side Effects of Radiation Therapy

Radiation therapy is effective in destroying cancer cells, but it may cause side effects depending on the treatment area and individual response.

Fatigue – A feeling of extreme tiredness due to the body repairing itself after radiation exposure.
Skin Changes – Redness, dryness, peeling, or darkening of the skin in the treated area.
Hair Loss – Hair may fall out if radiation is directed at the scalp.
Nausea and Vomiting – Common when radiation is given near the stomach or digestive tract.
Loss of Appetite – Changes in taste and difficulty eating can occur.
Swelling and Inflammation – Affected tissues may become swollen, leading to discomfort..
Difficulty Swallowing – When radiation is applied to the head, neck, or chest area.
Weakened Immune System – White blood cell count may decrease, increasing infection risk.

Managing Radiation Therapy Side Effects

Radiation therapy is an effective cancer treatment, but it can cause side effects. Proper management helps reduce discomfort and maintain overall well-being. Here are some key strategies:

Fatigue Management – Get plenty of rest, maintain a balanced diet, and engage in light physical activity to boost energy levels.
Skin Care – Use gentle, fragrance-free lotions, avoid sun exposure, and wear loose clothing to reduce irritation in treated areas.
Dietary Adjustments – Eat nutritious, easy-to-digest foods, and stay hydrated to help the body recover from treatment.
Pain Relief – Medications and gentle exercises can help alleviate pain and discomfort in affected areas.
Emotional Support – Counseling, support groups, and mindfulness techniques can help manage stress and anxiety during treatment.