Leukemia (Acute Myeloid Leukemia - AML)
All Type of Cancers
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About Leukemia (Acute Myeloid Leukemia - AML)
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a fast-growing cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. It leads to the rapid production of abnormal white blood cells, interfering with normal blood function. AML progresses quickly, requiring prompt medical attention for effective management. Advances in treatment have improved survival rates, offering patients better chances of recovery. Raising awareness and early diagnosis play a crucial role in improving outcomes.
Causes of Leukemia (Acute Myeloid Leukemia - AML)
Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) occurs when abnormal white blood cells grow uncontrollably in the bone marrow, disrupting normal blood cell production. Genetic mutations and chromosomal abnormalities play a key role in triggering AML. Exposure to high doses of radiation, certain chemicals (like benzene), and previous chemotherapy treatments can increase the risk. Smoking and long-term exposure to harmful toxins have also been linked to AML development. Additionally, certain blood disorders and a family history of leukemia may contribute to a higher likelihood of developing AML.
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Symptoms of Leukemia (Acute Myeloid Leukemia - AML)
- Fatigue & Weakness – Due to a lack of healthy red blood cells (anemia).
- Frequent Infections & Fever – Weakened immune system makes infections more common.
- Easy Bruising & Bleeding – Low platelet count leads to frequent nosebleeds, gum bleeding, or unexplained bruises.
- Bone Pain & Joint Discomfort – Leukemia cells build up in the bone marrow.
- Pale Skin & Shortness of Breath – Caused by reduced oxygen-carrying red blood cells.
Diagnosis of Leukemia (Acute Myeloid Leukemia - AML)
AML is diagnosed through several tests that analyze blood and bone marrow for abnormal cells.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC) Test – Checks for abnormal levels of white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets.
- Peripheral Blood Smear – Examines blood samples under a microscope to detect leukemia cells.
- Bone Marrow Biopsy – A sample from the bone marrow is tested to confirm the presence of AML cells.
- Cytogenetic & Molecular Testing – Identifies genetic mutations and chromosomal changes to guide treatment.
- Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap) – Checks if leukemia has spread to the cerebrospinal fluid.
Treatment of Leukemia (Acute Myeloid Leukemia - AML)
AML treatment focuses on eliminating leukemia cells and restoring normal blood cell production. Common treatment options include:
- Stem Cell (Bone Marrow) Transplant: Replaces damaged bone marrow with healthy stem cells after high-dose chemotherapy.
- Radiation Therapy: Used in specific cases to eliminate leukemia cells in the brain or before a transplant.
- Chemotherapy: The primary treatment using powerful drugs to kill leukemia cells.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to recognize and attack leukemia cells.
- Targeted Therapy: Medications like FLT3 inhibitors block specific mutations driving cancer growth.