Esophageal Cancer
All Type of Cancers
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About Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer affects the esophagus, the tube that carries food from the throat to the stomach. It can develop in different parts of the esophagus and may spread if not detected early. The disease often progresses silently, making early diagnosis crucial for better treatment outcomes. Advances in medical research have improved treatment options, offering hope for patients. Raising awareness and promoting healthy lifestyle choices can help reduce the risk of this cancer.
Causes of Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer occurs when cells in the esophagus grow uncontrollably, often due to long-term irritation. Chronic acid reflux (GERD) and Barrett’s esophagus increase the risk by damaging the esophageal lining. Smoking and heavy alcohol consumption are major risk factors that contribute to cell mutations. Obesity and a diet low in fruits and vegetables can also lead to increased risk. Additionally, exposure to certain chemicals, a history of radiation therapy to the chest, and genetic predisposition may play a role in its development. Maintaining a healthy diet, avoiding tobacco and alcohol, and managing acid reflux can help reduce the risk.
Symptoms of Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer symptoms often appear in later stages and may include:
- Difficulty Swallowing (Dysphagia) – A feeling of food getting stuck in the throat.
- Unexplained Weight Loss – Rapid weight loss without changes in diet or exercise.
- Persistent Heartburn or Acid Reflux – Chronic irritation of the esophagus.
- Chest Pain or Discomfort – Burning or pressure in the chest, especially when swallowing.
- Hoarseness & Chronic Cough – Lasting voice changes and throat irritation.
Diagnosis of Esophageal Cancer
Esophageal cancer is diagnosed using several tests to detect tumors and assess their spread.
- Endoscopy (Esophagogastroduodenoscopy - EGD) – A thin tube with a camera examines the esophagus for abnormal growths.
- Biopsy – A tissue sample is taken during endoscopy to confirm cancer presence.
- Barium Swallow X-ray – A special X-ray after drinking a contrast liquid highlights abnormalities in the esophagus.
- CT Scan, MRI, or PET Scan – Imaging tests determine the size, location, and spread of the cancer.
- Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) – Uses sound waves to assess tumor depth and lymph node involvement.
Treatment of Esophageal Cancer
Treatment for esophageal cancer depends on the stage, location, and overall health of the patient. Common options include:
- Surgery: Surgery (Esophagectomy) – Removes part or all of the esophagus, often used for early-stage cancer.
- Radiation Therapy: Medication is placed directly into the bladder to treat early-stage cancer.
- Chemotherapy: killing drugs to shrink tumors or prevent recurrence, often combined with radiation.
- Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific proteins that help cancer cells grow, used in advanced cases.
- Immunotherapy Boosts the immune system to fight esophageal cancer, especially for metastatic stages.