Colorectal (Bowel) Cancer
All Type of Cancers
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About Colorectal (Bowel) Cancer
Colorectal cancer affects the colon or rectum, impacting the digestive system and overall health. It often develops from abnormal growths called polyps, which can turn cancerous over time. Early detection plays a crucial role in improving treatment outcomes and survival rates. Advances in medical research have led to better screening methods and treatment options. Raising awareness and encouraging regular screenings can help reduce its impact on public health.
Causes of Colorectal (Bowel) Cancer
Colorectal cancer develops due to genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors that cause abnormal cell growth in the colon or rectum. A diet high in processed and red meats, low in fiber, and excessive consumption of alcohol increases the risk. Obesity, lack of physical activity, and smoking contribute to inflammation and cellular damage. Genetic predisposition and a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps can also raise the likelihood of developing the disease. Chronic conditions like inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), Crohn’s disease, and ulcerative colitis are additional risk factors. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle and regular screenings can help lower the risk.
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Symptoms of Colorectal (Bowel) Cancer
- Changes in Bowel Habits – Persistent diarrhea, constipation, or narrow stools.
- Blood in Stool – Bright red or dark-colored blood in feces.
- Abdominal Pain & Cramps – Unexplained bloating, discomfort, or gas.
- Unexplained Weight Loss – Sudden loss of weight without changes in diet or activity.
- Fatigue & Weakness – Persistent tiredness due to blood loss or poor nutrient absorption.
Diagnosis of Colorectal (Bowel) Cancer
Colorectal cancer is diagnosed using various tests to detect abnormalities and confirm the presence of cancer:
- Colonoscopy – A thin, flexible tube with a camera is used to examine the colon and rectum for polyps or tumors.
- Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT) & Stool DNA Test – Detects hidden blood or genetic markers in stool samples.
- CT Colonography (Virtual Colonoscopy) – A specialized CT scan that provides detailed images of the colon.
- Biopsy – A small tissue sample is taken during a colonoscopy and analyzed for cancer cells.
- Blood Tests (CEA Test) – Measures carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a protein that may indicate cancer.
Treatment of Colorectal (Bowel) Cancer
Treatment for colorectal cancer depends on the stage, location, and overall health of the patient. Common treatment options include:
- Surgery: Removal of cancerous polyps (polypectomy) or affected sections of the colon (colectomy).
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays target and destroy cancer cells, often used for rectal cancer.
- Chemotherapy: Uses drugs to kill cancer cells, commonly after surgery to prevent recurrence.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to help fight colorectal cancer, especially in advanced cases.
- Targeted Therapy: Attacks specific cancer cell proteins to slow tumor growth.