Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy

About Chemotherapy

Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses drugs to kill or slow the growth of cancer cells. Since cancer cells divide and multiply rapidly, chemotherapy targets these fast-growing cells to stop their spread. It is used in combination with surgery, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and targeted therapy, depending on the type and stage of cancer.

Types of Chemotherapy
  • Curative Chemotherapy – Aims to completely destroy cancer cells and achieve remission.
  • Adjuvant Chemotherapy – Given after surgery or radiation to kill any remaining cancer cells.
  • Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy – Used before surgery or radiation to shrink tumors.
  • Palliative Chemotherapy – Used in advanced cancer cases to slow progression and relieve symptoms.
  • Combination Chemotherapy – Uses multiple drugs to enhance effectiveness.
Chemotherapy
How is Chemotherapy Given?

Chemotherapy can be administered in several ways:

  • Intravenous (IV) Infusion – Delivered through a vein, the most common method.
  • Oral Chemotherapy – Taken as pills or capsules at home.
  • Injection – Given directly into muscles, veins, or under the skin.
  • Intraperitoneal (IP) Chemotherapy – Injected into the abdominal cavity for cancers like ovarian cancer.
  • Topical Chemotherapy – Applied as a cream for certain skin cancers.

Common Side Effects of Chemotherapy

Since chemotherapy affects both cancer and healthy cells, it can cause side effects, including:

  • Fatigue – Feeling extremely tired or weak.
  • Nausea and Vomiting – Common but manageable with medication.
  • Hair Loss – Temporary hair thinning or complete loss.
  • Weakened Immune System – Higher risk of infections due to reduced white blood cell count.
  • Loss of Appetite – Changes in taste, leading to weight loss.
  • Mouth Sores – Painful ulcers in the mouth or throat.
  • Nerve Damage (Neuropathy) – Tingling, numbness, or pain in the hands and feet.
  • Changes in Skin and Nails – Dryness, darkening, or brittleness.

Managing Chemotherapy Side Effects

Doctors recommend several strategies to minimize side effects:

  • ✔️ Anti-nausea medications to control vomiting.
  • ✔️ Healthy diet and hydration to maintain energy levels.
  • ✔️ Gentle exercise to reduce fatigue.
  • ✔️ Wigs and scarves for those experiencing hair loss.
  • ✔️ Medications to boost white blood cell count and reduce infection risk.