Cervical Cancer
All Type of Cancers
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About Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer develops in the cervix, the lower part of the uterus, and can affect reproductive health. It often progresses slowly, allowing for effective prevention through regular screenings. Advances in medical research have improved early detection and treatment options, increasing survival rates. Awareness and vaccination have significantly reduced the risk of developing this disease. Regular check-ups and a proactive approach to health can help in its prevention and early management.
Causes of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the cervix grow uncontrollably, often due to viral infections, lifestyle factors, and genetic risks. The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause, transmitted through sexual contact. Weakened immune system, smoking, and long-term use of birth control pills can increase the risk. Multiple pregnancies and early sexual activity may also contribute to cell changes in the cervix. In some cases, genetic factors and a family history of cervical cancer may play a role. HPV vaccination, routine screenings, and a healthy lifestyle can help lower the risk.
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
- Abnormal Vaginal Bleeding – Bleeding between periods, after intercourse, or after menopause.
- Unusual Vaginal Discharge – Watery, bloody, or foul-smelling discharge.
- Pelvic Pain – persistent discomfort in the pelvis or lower abdomen.
- Pain During Intercourse – ache or discomfort when engaging in sexual activity.
- Frequent Urination or Painful Urination – May indicate cancer spreading to nearby organs.
Diagnosis of Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer is diagnosed through various tests to detect abnormal cell growth and confirm cancer presence.
- Pap Smear (Pap Test) – A routine test that detects abnormal cervical cells before they turn cancerous.
- HPV Test – Identifies high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) strains linked to cervical cancer.
- Colposcopy – A magnified exam of the cervix to detect suspicious tissue.
- Biopsy – A small tissue sample is taken from the cervix for laboratory analysis.
- Imaging Tests (MRI, CT, PET Scan) – Help determine the cancer stage and if it has spread.
Treatment of Breast Cancer
Treatment for cervical cancer depends on the stage of cancer, overall health, and reproductive plans of the patient. Common treatment options include:
- Surgery: Removes cancerous tissue and may include procedures like cone biopsy, hysterectomy, or trachelectomy (for fertility preservation).
- Radiation Therapy: Uses high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells, often combined with chemotherapy.
- Chemotherapy: Uses cancer-killing drugs, especially for advanced stages or when cancer has spread.
- Targeted Therapy Blocks specific cancer cell growth signals, used in advanced cases.
- Immunotherapy Boosts the immune system to help fight cervical cancer, especially in certain HPV-related cases.