Breast Cancer
All Type of Cancers
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About Breast Cancer
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting women worldwide, with early detection significantly improving survival rates. It develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the breast tissue, potentially spreading to other parts of the body. Advances in research have led to better screening, targeted therapies, and improved treatment outcomes. Regular check-ups, awareness, and lifestyle choices play a crucial role in prevention and early detection. Support networks and medical advancements continue to provide hope for those affected by breast cancer.
Causes of Breast Cancer
Breast cancer can be caused by a combination of genetic, hormonal, and lifestyle factors. Family history and genetic mutations (such as BRCA1 and BRCA2) increase the risk. Hormonal influences, including long-term estrogen exposure, early menstruation, late menopause, or hormone replacement therapy, may contribute. Lifestyle factors like obesity, lack of physical activity, excessive alcohol consumption, and an unhealthy diet also raise the risk. Radiation exposure and certain environmental pollutants have been linked to an increased likelihood of developing breast cancer. While some risk factors cannot be controlled, adopting a healthy lifestyle and regular screenings can help in early detection and prevention.
Symptoms of Breast Cancer
- Lump in the breast or underarm – A hard, painless lump that feels different from surrounding tissue.
- Changes in breast size or shape – Unexplained swelling or shrinkage of one breast.
- Nipple changes – Inversion, discharge (other than breast milk), or unusual scaling or crusting.
- Skin changes – Redness, dimpling, or thickening of the breast skin (like an orange peel texture).
- Persistent breast pain – Unusual pain or discomfort that doesn’t go away.
Diagnosis of Breast Cancer
A doctor checks for lumps or unusual changes in the breast.
- Clinical Breast Exam – A hard, painless lump that feels different from surrounding tissue.
- Mammogram – An X-ray of the breast to detect abnormal growths.
- Ultrasound – Uses sound waves to check if a lump is solid (cancerous) or fluid-filled (benign).
- Biopsy – A small tissue sample is taken from the lump and tested for cancer cells.
- MRI Scan – Provides detailed images of the breast to assess tumor size and spread.
Treatment of Breast Cancer
The kind, stage, and general health of the patient all affect how breast cancer is treated. Typical therapies consist of:
- Surgery: Either the entire breast (mastectomy) or the tumor (lumpectomy) is removed.
- Radiation Therapy: High-energy rays are used to target and kill cancer cells.
- Chemotherapy: Medications used before or after surgery to kill or inhibit cancer cell growth.
- Hormone Therapy: Stops the production of hormones (e.g., estrogen) that fuel certain types of breast cancer.
- Targeted Therapy: Focuses on specific proteins to halt cancer cell proliferation.