Liver Cancer
All Type of Cancers
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About Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is a serious disease that affects the liver’s ability to function properly. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide due to its aggressive nature. The condition often progresses silently, making early detection crucial for better outcomes. Advances in medical research have improved management strategies, including targeted therapies and minimally invasive procedures. Raising awareness and promoting liver health can help reduce the impact of this disease.
Causes of Liver Cancer
Liver cancer is mainly caused by chronic liver damage and long-term inflammation. Hepatitis B and C infections, along with cirrhosis, significantly increase the risk. Excessive alcohol consumption, obesity, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) can also contribute to liver damage, leading to cancer. Exposure to aflatoxins (toxins in contaminated food) and genetic conditions like hemochromatosis further increase the likelihood of liver cancer. Preventive measures such as hepatitis vaccinations, reducing alcohol intake, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle can help lower the risk.
Symptoms of Liver Cancer
- Unexplained Weight Loss & Fatigue – Sudden weight loss, weakness, and constant tiredness.
- Jaundice – Yellowing of the skin and eyes, along with dark urine and pale stools.
- Abdominal Pain & Swelling – Discomfort or a lump in the upper abdomen, often with bloating.
- Loss of Appetite & Nausea – Feeling full quickly, nausea, and indigestion.
- Easy Bruising & Bleeding – Reduced liver function can cause frequent bruising and bleeding issues.
Diagnosis of Liver Cancer
- Blood Tests (AFP Test) - Measures alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, which may be elevated in liver cancer.
- Imaging Tests - Ultrasound, CT scan, and MRI help detect tumors and assess their size and spread.
- Liver Biopsy – A small tissue sample is taken from the liver to confirm cancer through microscopic examination.
- Liver Function Tests (LFTs) Evaluates how well the liver is working and detects abnormalities.
- Angiography – A special X-ray checks blood flow to the liver, helping doctors plan treatment.
Treatment of Liver Cancer
Liver cancer treatment depends on the stage of cancer, liver function, and overall health of the patient.
- Surgery (Liver Resection or Transplantation) – Removes the tumor if the cancer is localized, or replaces the liver with a healthy donor liver in severe cases.
- Ablation Therapy (Radiofrequency or Microwave Ablation) – Uses heat or cold to destroy cancer cells, mainly for patients who are not surgical candidates.
- Targeted Therapy – Medications like sorafenib and lenvatinib help slow cancer growth by attacking specific cancer cell proteins.
- Immunotherapy – Stops the production of hormones (e.g., estrogen) that fuel certain types of breast cancer.
- Chemotherapy & Radiation Therapy – Used when surgery is not possible, helping to shrink tumors and relieve symptoms.